Understand concepts. Choose consciously.
441 terms about fragrance, intimacy, ingredients, care, the body and daily habits. Choose one of nine categories or search the entire glossary.
Found: 441 of 441 terms
Adaptogens
A term used in the literature and marketing of certain plant raw materials in the context of the body's reaction to loads. It does not indicate a uniform group of drugs or the confirmed effect of each extract. The importance depends on the specific raw material and available research.
Alcohol Denat.
INCI name of ethyl alcohol that has been denatured, i.e. prepared so that it is not intended for consumption. It can act as a solvent in cosmetics. It should not be confused with fatty alcohols, which have different properties.
Alfalfa
A plant named Medicago sativa, commonly called alfalfa. Products may use leaves or other plant parts. The label should identify the part used and the extract form.
Extended description →Alkaloids
A diverse group of nitrogen-containing organic compounds found, among others, in plants. An example is berberine. The name of the group does not imply the common action, safety or recommended dosage of all substances belonging to it.
Allantoin
A care ingredient found in INCI as Allantoin. It is used in formulas focused on skin comfort and conditioning. On this basis, the finished cosmetic should not be assigned a therapeutic effect or intended for damaged skin.
Extended description →Allergens
Substances that may cause an allergic reaction in people who are allergic to them. In the context of a store, they concern both food and supplements, as well as specific cosmetic ingredients. The information may refer to an ingredient in the recipe or a possible presence resulting from production. The lack of a strong scent and the term natural do not guarantee that the product will be free of allergenic substances.
Aloe
The name of the plants from which raw materials used in cosmetics and other products are obtained. It is worth checking the type and form of the ingredient on the label, for example juice or leaf extract. Recipes with aloe may vary significantly in composition and purpose. The term aloe vera does not mean that the preparation consists only of aloe or that it is suitable for all skin types.
Amber accord
In perfume descriptions, the name of a warm, deep accord, often combining resin, balsamic and slightly sweet associations. Amber accord can be made from many substances and does not necessarily mean the use of natural amber. It usually appears in the base of the fragrance. Simply pointing to this note does not reveal the full recipe, but it helps to imagine the direction and mood of the composition.
Extended description →American ginseng
Panax quinquefolius is the species called American ginseng. It is not the same plant as Panax ginseng or Eleutherococcus senticosus. Preserve the species distinction when comparing formulas.
Extended description →Amino acids
Compounds that constitute, among others, the building blocks of proteins. Individual amino acids differ in their role and method of use in the body. The names L-arginine and L-citrulline indicate specific substances, not interchangeable variants of one ingredient.
Extended description →Amount of cosmetic per application
A portion of the cosmetic intended for one use on the indicated area. It should result from the instructions and the type of product. Too thick a layer may change comfort and make application difficult without increasing the expected effect.
Extended description →Amount of extract and amount of active substance
The extract weight includes the entire extract, not just the compound indicated in the standardization. For example, 100 mg of an extract standardized to 10% of a compound corresponds to 10 mg of this compound, if this is how the percentage basis was determined.
Extended description →Andropause
A common term for changes associated with ageing in men, often used when discussing testosterone and sexuality. It is not an exact equivalent of menopause or an identical process in everyone. Experiencing symptoms listed in an advertisement does not establish a hormone deficiency.
Androstenol
The name of a steroid compound found in the descriptions of preparations sold as pheromones. It is sometimes presented in the context of research on odor signals and human behavior. However, its use in cosmetics has not been established to provide predictable social or sexual effects. When evaluating such a product, it is important to separate the ingredient name from the commercial claims of attraction.
Extended description →Androstenone
A steroid compound described in research on odor and chemical communication. It also appears in pheromone product offers. People differ in their sensitivity to its smell, and the name of the substance does not confirm the effect of ready-made perfumes on attractiveness. Determinations of intensity and effects in commercial materials should be distinguished from research results regarding a specific recipe.
Extended description →Androsterone
A steroid compound whose name appears in the descriptions of pheromone products. It should be distinguished from androstenol and androstenone. The mention of a compound does not confirm the predictable effect of finished perfumes on the attractiveness or behavior of other people.
Extended description →Anti-caking agent
An ingredient limiting the clumping of powder particles and helping maintain flow during production or storage. The term describes a technological function rather than one particular substance. The actual compound is identified in the preparation's full composition.
Antioxidants
Compounds involved in limiting oxidation reactions. In the context of nutrition, the concept covers various substances, including selected vitamins and plant compounds. The effect in a laboratory test is not automatically proof of benefit after consuming any preparation. An antioxidant does not mean that you can increase the portion without limits; the entire diet and the amount of the ingredient are important.
Aphrodisiacs
A common name for substances, foods or products associated with sexual desire. Many such associations come from tradition and culture. The word aphrodisiac does not identify one chemical group or establish that a particular preparation is effective.
Apple fibre
A fibre-containing material obtained from apples. Its ingredient weight does not necessarily equal its dietary fibre content; the material specification gives that content.
Aqueous extract
An extract prepared using water as the extraction solvent. The method influences which compounds enter the extract. Aqueous describes its preparation, not necessarily the liquid form of the finished supplement or its entire composition.
Arnica
A plant named Arnica montana. In a cosmetic INCI list, Arnica Montana identifies a botanical material; the formula specifies its extract form and intended use.
Aromatherapy
A practice using essential oils and their aromas, for example through inhalation or as part of massage. Commercial descriptions sometimes use the term more broadly for scented products. A pleasant sensation or association with relaxation does not establish that a particular composition treats a disease.
Aromatic fragrance
In perfumery, a term for a composition with clear associations with herbs such as lavender, sage or rosemary. It is not synonymous with every intensely scented product. The aromatic character can combine with woody and citrus notes.
Extended description →Aronia
A name for plants whose berries are used as food and extract materials. Product descriptions may name Aronia melanocarpa. Juice, fruit powder and extract are different material forms.
Extended description →Artichoke
A plant known as a vegetable, whose name also appears in the descriptions of extracts. The edible part of the artichoke and the leaf used to prepare the raw material are not the same. In the description of the supplement, it is worth checking the part of the plant, the type of extract and its amount in a serving.
Extended description →Ascorbic acid
A compound with vitamin C activity, often listed in the composition as L-ascorbic acid. It is not the same as citric acid. The term liposomal refers to the method of preparation of the formula, not the name of a different vitamin.
Ashwagandha
The plant is also known as hella somnifera, with the botanical name Withania somnifera. Various preparations from its parts, primarily the root, are used in supplements. They are not equivalent in terms of composition and standardization. Ashwagandha appears in articles about stress and sleep, but research results depend on the specific extract; natural origin does not mean the absence of contraindications.
Extended description →Atomizer
Mechanism that sprays liquid in the form of a fine mist. In perfumes, it helps to apply a small amount of product evenly without pouring onto the skin. One press is not a universal measure of volume as pump designs vary between packages. When applying, avoid eyes and follow the manufacturer's instructions, especially when using products intended for skin.
Extended description →Balanced diet
An eating pattern considering the body's energy and nutrient needs alongside food variety. It does not mean one menu for everyone. A supplement, one vegetable or a food described as healthy does not determine the balance of the entire diet.
Balsamic scent
In perfumery, a term for warm, enveloping tones associated with resins and balms. It should not be equated with the consistency of a body lotion. It can be an element of the base, and not the dominant character of the entire perfume.
Extended description →Base notes
The slowest volatilizing part of the fragrance, which builds its final character and remains noticeable after the lighter notes. Base accords often include wood, musk, amber and vanilla. The term describes the design of the composition, not the guaranteed shelf life. The intensity and perception of the base depend on the entire recipe, the amount of product applied and the type of skin.
Batch number — LOT
Marking allowing identification of the production batch of the product. It makes it easier to trace the origin and report a specific package. It is not an EAN code or expiration date, although the manufacturer may use a record containing a date element.
Extended description →Bay laurel
The name of a plant associated with the bay leaf, used as a spice. In the descriptions of raw materials, a distinction should be made between leaves, extract and oil, because they are different forms of the material. The mere appearance of the plant name does not determine the concentration or method of use of the finished product.
Beetroot
A plant named Beta vulgaris. Red beetroot is a food material also used to produce extracts. A root extract is not the same as a serving of fresh beetroot or juice.
Extended description →Berberine
A compound from the alkaloid group found in certain plants, including some species of barberry. In supplements, it appears as an extract ingredient or in a described chemical form. Berberine and the weight of the extract do not mean the same amount of substance. Articles on metabolism do not constitute a basis for replacing drugs, and combining them with treatment requires taking into account interactions.
Extended description →Bergamot
A citrus fruit with a characteristic, fresh scent, the peel of which is the source of the oil used in perfumery. In composition descriptions, bergamot usually suggests a crisp, slightly bitter opening. The fragrance note can also be reproduced using a mixture of substances. Information about the actual ingredients of a cosmetic should be looked for in the INCI list, and not only in the pyramid of notes.
Extended description →Beta-carotene
A color from the carotenoid group that the body can use as a source of vitamin A. It is found in some vegetables and dietary supplements. It is not a sunscreen and does not replace skin protection against UV radiation. The content of beta-carotene and the amount of vitamin A are different information, and the use of concentrated preparations requires heeding the warnings.
Extended description →Bifidobacterium
A genus of bacteria including various species and strains, found, among others, in the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract. The name itself does not identify a specific culture. Content, viability and strain specific data are separate information.
Bile acids
A group of compounds involved, among others, in processes related to the digestion and absorption of fats. Individual acids differ in structure and properties. The description of their role in the body does not mean that the supplement cures liver or biliary tract diseases.
Bioavailability
A term describing the degree and rate at which a substance becomes available in the body after administration. It depends, among other things, on its chemical form, product recipe, method of consumption and characteristics of the person. The declaration of high bioavailability alone does not determine the health benefit. A comparison makes sense when it concerns a specific ingredient and is based on appropriate data for a given form.
Extended description →Biotin
B vitamin, also known as vitamin B7, appears in preparations for hair, skin and nails. Participates in the metabolism of nutrients. A higher content does not mean a proportionally better care effect. Taking biotin may be important for the interpretation of some laboratory tests, so information about supplementation is worth providing before the test.
Extended description →Black pepper
Raw material from Piper nigrum fruit, which is a spice and a source of compounds such as piperine. Pepper extract is not the same as pure piperine. Its declared amount requires checking the extract weight and the percentage of standardization.
Extended description →Blackcurrant
Description of a fruity note in perfume, which may evoke associations with sweet and sour fruit or the green character of a plant. It is a description of the perception of smell. It does not constitute a declaration of the content of juice, fruit or a specific raw material in the INCI composition.
Blister pack
A type of packaging with separate compartments for individual tablets or capsules, usually closed with foil. The number of chambers is not equivalent to the number of daily servings. The expiry date and storage conditions still result from the product labeling.
Extended description →Blood glucose level
The concentration of glucose in the blood, commonly expressed in mg/dL or mmol/L. It depends on factors including time since a meal and measurement conditions. A number without that context is not a complete assessment of glucose regulation or a basis for selecting a supplement.
Blotter - scent strip
A paper strip used to evaluate perfumes outside the skin. It allows you to observe the development of the fragrance, but does not reproduce all the conditions of its wearing. The result on paper may differ from the result when applied to the skin.
Extended description →Boron
The chemical element with symbol B. In supplement information, distinguish the amount of boron from the weight of the compound supplying it; the element name alone does not identify its chemical form.
Extended description →Botanical raw material equivalent
The converted amount of plant material corresponding to the specified amount of extract, according to the given coefficient. It is not the physical mass of the extract contained in the capsule. When assessing a product, it is worth distinguishing between these two values and standardization.
Extended description →Breast skin care
Breast and cleavage skin care to moisturize and improve comfort and appearance. The effect on the skin surface is not equivalent to a change in the volume of glandular or fatty tissue.
Extended description →Breathing techniques
Various ways of intentionally attending to breathing or adjusting its rhythm for a purpose. They do not constitute one identical method. A relaxation description is not an instruction for specialised training, breath-holding or managing breathing difficulties.
Buckwheat
A plant used as a food material. Ingredient information should distinguish seeds, other plant parts, powders and extracts. The name buckwheat does not describe the complete product formula.
Bulking agent
An ingredient helping achieve the required volume, mass and manufacturing properties of a tablet or mixture. It need not be the substance highlighted in the product name. The mass of the complete tablet can therefore differ from the active amounts listed in a table.
Burdock
The name of a plant whose root or other parts may be exchanged as a plant raw material. The word "burdock" itself does not specify the method of processing or the amount of the extract. More complete information should indicate the species, part of the plant and content in the product.
Caffeine
A substance naturally present in coffee, tea and guarana, among other sources. Anhydrous caffeine is a form of the substance itself, not a botanical extract. All sources in the formula contribute to total caffeine content.
Extended description →Calcium
A mineral found in food and dietary supplements. The name of the calcium salt on the label is not the same as the amount of the element itself. Products should be compared according to the calcium content of the recommended serving, not solely by the weight of the compound or tablet.
Capacity
Information on the volume of the product, most often given in milliliters. The declared amount of contents should be distinguished from the size of the bottle and the weight of the packaging. A larger capacity does not in itself indicate the concentration of ingredients or the number of uses, which depends on the method of dosing.
Extended description →Caprylyl Glycol
INCI name of an ingredient used, among other things, to condition the skin and support the microbiological protection of the formula. In Polish descriptions it may appear as caprylic glycol. Its presence alone does not mean that the product is free of preservatives.
Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum is a botanical species name. Extracts may be standardised to capsaicin. Cayenne is a commercial material description; compare the declared species and standardisation as well.
Extended description →Capsule shell
The outer part of a capsule enclosing its contents. It may be made from gelatin or a suitable cellulose polymer, for example. Shell material is distinct from filling composition. A plant-based shell alone does not establish that the whole product is vegan or has a particular release profile.
Capsule weight and ingredient weight
The entire capsule includes its contents and, depending on the marking method, also the shell. The amount of a single ingredient may only constitute part of this mass. A large number on the label requires checking the table and the basis for providing the value.
Extended description →Carbomer
The name of a group of polymers used in cosmetics, among others, for thickening and creating a gel consistency. In INCI it is known as Carbomer. It is not an active ingredient responsible for all the declared effects of the gel.
Cardamom
A spice whose name in perfumes describes a spicy note. It can give the composition an aromatic character and contrast with sweet or fresh notes. The scent description does not allow you to independently determine whether a natural oil, an extract or an appropriately constructed accord was used.
Cedar
Name of wood and scented materials associated with a dry, woody scent. In perfumery it can mean various raw materials and fragrance reproductions. The cedar description does not allow determining a specific plant species without additional data from the manufacturer.
Extended description →Cellulose
A material that builds the walls of plant cells. It may appear in product formulations as a technological ingredient, for example a filler, and its derivatives are also used for capsule coatings. Cellulose and HPMC are related but separately called materials.
Ceramides
A group of lipids naturally present in the stratum corneum of the skin and used in care cosmetics. They co-create a structure that limits water loss. Individual ceramides have different INCI names, and the effect of the formula also depends on the other ingredients.
Extended description →CFU
Acronym for colony forming units. In preparations with microorganisms, it is used to express the number of living units capable of growing under specific test conditions. A high CFU count does not in itself mean benefits. Strains, portions, storage conditions and whether the declaration refers to production or the end of shelf life are also important.
Extended description →Chaga
The popular name of the mushroom known in Polish as the subcortical mushroom, found in descriptions of raw materials and extracts. It's not the name of a vitamin or mineral. When comparing preparations, the form of the raw material, the method of its processing and the amount given on the label are important.
Extended description →Chelate
A compound in which a metal ion is bonded to an appropriate molecule in a specific structure. In supplements, the term refers to selected forms of minerals. It is not an automatic guarantee of the highest absorption, tolerance or advantage of each product.
Extended description →Chemical form of an ingredient
The specific compound in which an ingredient occurs in a formulation, such as a mineral citrate rather than its oxide. Form information complements content information. The mass of the whole compound and the amount of the element it supplies can be different values.
Chrome
An element listed on the labels of some supplements in very small amounts. The name of the compound that is the source of chromium and the amount of chromium itself are different information. When comparing products, you must take into account the daily dose and unit, most often micrograms.
Chronic stress
Prolonged or recurring pressure associated with the stress response and limited opportunities to recover. Experiences and symptoms vary, so a single sensation does not establish chronic stress. A product described as being for stress does not identify or remove its underlying cause.
Chypre
A type of composition referring to the contrast of a fresh opening and a deep, woody and mossy base. The name comes from the French term for Cyprus. Contemporary chypre fragrances can use a variety of materials to recreate this character.
Extended description →Cinnamon
The name of the spice is also used to describe the warm spicy note in perfumes. In combination with vanilla or tonka, it can emphasize the sweet reception of the composition. The information about the cinnamon note is not an instruction to apply the spice or oil directly to the skin.
Circadian rhythm
An approximately 24-hour pattern in biological processes such as sleep, wakefulness and the secretion of some hormones. Light is one of its synchronising signals. It does not mean an identical daily schedule for everyone; biological timing and everyday routines can differ.
Citral
INCI name of citral, a citrus-like fragrance substance. It may be a component of the composition or come from the fragrance raw material used. It is a separate concept from citric acid; the similarity of names does not mean the same function in the cosmetic.
Extended description →Citrate
The name of a salt or compound related to citric acid, for example magnesium citrate. The word itself does not indicate the type of mineral. The mass of citrate and the amount of the element supplied are different values on the label.
Extended description →Citric acid
The compound appears in INCI as Citric Acid. In many cosmetics, it helps set the appropriate pH. The mere mention of it at the end of the composition does not indicate an exfoliating effect or a high concentration of acids in the product.
Citrulline malate
An ingredient combining citrulline and malate. Where a ratio such as 2:1 is stated, the ingredient’s total weight is not the same as the weight of L-citrulline alone. Compare both ratio and serving size.
Citrus scent
A fragrance associated with the peel and juice of citrus fruits, for example bergamot, lemon or mandarin. It often builds a fresh opening to the perfume. It does not determine the acidity of the product or its full composition.
Extended description →Cleansing the skin before application
Gentle removal of dirt and product residues before applying cosmetics. The method of preparation and the need to dry the skin should correspond to the instructions of the preparation and the sensitivity of the given area.
Extended description →Clementine
A citrus name also used to describe the fresh, fruity note of a perfume. In the fragrance pyramid, it helps to determine the nature of the composition and the first impression after application. It does not replace the INCI list or information about the type of fragrance raw material.
Extended description →Clinical study
Research involving people under a defined protocol to evaluate selected effects or the safety of an intervention. Results depend on factors such as the study population, comparison and formulation. A study of an ingredient does not automatically establish the properties of every product containing it.
Cloves
In the context of spicy notes, the name refers to a spice, distinguished from clove flower. The impression may be warm and expressive. The meaning should be read from the entire description of the composition, because the same Polish name may evoke different associations.
Extended description →Collagen
A family of proteins that are part of the structure of many body tissues, including the skin. In commercial products, the name may refer to a cosmetic or food preparation ingredient that differs in its route of use. Applying a cosmetic with collagen does not mean simply replenishing collagen in the deep layers of the skin. The properties of the finished recipe must be distinguished from the biological role of the protein.
Extended description →Combining supplements
Using more than one supplement at the same time. It requires summing up repeated ingredients and taking into account medications, diet and contraindications. A larger number of preparations does not mean a better effect.
Extended description →Common barberry
Berberis vulgaris is the botanical name of common barberry. A plant, a particular plant part, an extract and isolated berberine are distinct ingredients, not interchangeable quantities.
Communication about needs
A conversation about the preferences, boundaries and comfort of people participating in intimate contact. It allows you to agree on, among other things, the use of products and the way of touching. It does not require fulfilling a ready-made script, and changing your mind is allowed at any stage.
Extended description →Concentration
The ability to direct attention towards a task or stimulus and maintain it despite distractions. Rest, surroundings and task difficulty can affect it. Concentration is not the same as memory, and a product name mentioning concentration is not evidence that it improves this ability.
Condom
A barrier product used during sexual activity, available in different materials and sizes. Correct use can reduce the risk of pregnancy and transmission of many infections. Its material matters when selecting a lubricant and checking compatibility information.
Consent to intimate contact
Free, informed and present consent to a specific activity. It applies to a specific situation and may be withdrawn. The use of perfume, pheromones, lubricant or other products does not replace the consent of the other person and does not give the right to wear it.
Extended description →Consistent supplement use
Systematically taking the supplement in accordance with the label and individual recommendations. It does not justify exceeding the daily dose or doubling it after skipping use. The purpose and duration of use should be carefully considered.
Extended description →Consumer's Laurel
The name of the consumer recognition program as it appears in brand materials and product graphics. This marking refers to the rules of a specific plebiscite and its edition. It does not replace specifications, safety assessments or testing to confirm product performance. It is worth distinguishing the distinction of a brand or line from information regarding the precisely selected variant and packaging.
Extended description →Content of active ingredients
The amount of indicated substances given for a specific portion or unit of a product. It is not the same as the weight of the entire capsule or extract. The list of active ingredients may not include the coating, carriers and other ingredients of the formulation.
Extended description →Contraception
Methods to prevent pregnancy, differing in their mode of action and effectiveness. A lubricant, intimate cosmetic or supplement is not, by definition, a contraceptive. Protection against sexually transmitted infections is a separate issue.
Extended description →Contraindications
Circumstances in which use of the product is inadvisable or requires prior assessment. They may concern age, pregnancy, breastfeeding, diseases, allergies or simultaneous use of certain preparations. They vary between recipes and variants. The fact that one product of a given brand is suitable for a specific person does not mean that all others can be used.
Extended description →Cooling gel
A cosmetic that creates a cooling sensation on the skin thanks to specific sensory ingredients, for example menthol. This sensation does not necessarily mean an actual decrease in tissue temperature. The formulas differ in purpose and intensity. Please check the instructions before using on sensitive areas, as a muscle massage product is not automatically suitable for intimate care.
Copper
A mineral element needed by the body in small amounts, classified as a microelement. In a supplement, it may be provided in a specific chemical compound. The content of copper itself should be distinguished from the mass of the entire compound and read together with the unit and RWS.
Copulins
A term for a mixture of compounds, primarily short-chain acids, encountered in research on chemical signals and in the marketing of pheromones. It is not the name of one substance with a fixed recipe. It does not constitute proof of the effectiveness of a specific product in interpersonal relationships.
Extended description →Cordyceps
A commercial name for fungal materials used in supplements. Check the species, whether fruiting body or mycelium is used, and the extract form. The name alone does not specify the amounts of individual compounds.
Extended description →Cortisol
A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, involved in metabolism and the stress response. Its concentration naturally changes throughout the day. It is not simply a bad hormone, and lowering it is not a universal goal of supplementation.
Cosmetic absorption
In cosmetic descriptions, it usually means the disappearance of a wet or greasy feeling after application. It may involve evaporating some of the formulation and spreading it out. It does not prove that the ingredients penetrate deep tissue or blood.
Extended description →Cosmetic film
A thin layer of cosmetic ingredients remaining on the skin after spreading. It can affect glide, softness and reduce water loss. The cosmetic film does not have to be greasy or visible.
Extended description →Cosmetic texture
The physical properties of a cosmetic as perceived during application, including thickness, flow and ease of spreading. Texture affects convenience, but does not by itself establish the amount of active ingredients or product effectiveness.
Extended description →Cumin
A spice plant named Cuminum cyminum. Cumin and caraway are different plants. Check the botanical name and ingredient form when comparing formulas.
Extended description →Curcumin
One of the curcuminoids found in turmeric. It is not synonymous with the whole spice or the whole rhizome extract. The amount of curcumin should be distinguished from the weight of the extract and the total content of curcuminoids.
Extended description →Curcuminoids
A group of compounds found in turmeric, including curcumin. Standardization for curcuminoids describes their total share according to a specific specification. This does not mean that all of this amount is pure curcumin.
Cyanocobalamin
One of the forms of vitamin B12 used in food and supplements. The chemical name should be distinguished from the amount of vitamin declared on the label. The form itself does not determine whether a given product meets the needs of a specific person.
Extended description →Daily serving
Amount of product intended for consumption during the day in accordance with the labeling of a given supplement. It may include several capsules, a specific number of drops, or a measured amount of powder. It is worth distinguishing the composition of one capsule from the amount in the entire daily dose. When combining preparations, it is necessary to take into account repeated ingredients; a larger number of servings does not equal a better effect.
Extended description →Damiana
The name of the plant raw material appearing in the descriptions of preparations related to libido and intimate life. The trade name does not in itself describe the composition of the extract. It is worth checking the botanical name, part of the plant, method of processing and quantity in the daily portion.
Extended description →Dehydrated skin
Description of a skin condition with insufficient water content in the stratum corneum. It may also affect oily skin. It should not be automatically identified with a dry skin type or assessed solely by one symptom.
Extended description →DER
Acronym for drug extract ratio, i.e. the ratio of the amount of plant raw material to the obtained extract. The 10:1 notation refers to the proportions used in production, not to the ten times stronger effect when consumed. Information about the type of extract, raw material and solvent is also needed for interpretation. DER is not the same as percentage standardization for a specific compound.
Extended description →Dermatologically tested
Information on the conduct of a study involving dermatological evaluation, the scope of which should be justifiable by the responsible entity. The phrase itself does not describe the method, number of participants or result. It is not a guarantee that each person will not react.
Extended description →Detox
A colloquial term used to describe diets and products related to body cleansing. It does not in itself indicate a single substance, process or measurable result. The body processes and removes various compounds on an ongoing basis, including those involving the liver and kidneys. The name detox on the supplement does not mean treating poisoning, removing parasites or replacing the diagnosis of ailments.
DHA
An abbreviation of docosahexaenoic acid, one of the omega-3 fatty acids. In products, it may come from, among others, fish or algae oils. The term omega-3 does not alone determine its quantity or source.
Dietary fibre
A group of food ingredients that are not digested in the small intestine in the same way as digestible carbohydrates. Different types have different properties. Not all fiber is a prebiotic, and the amount of the preparation does not necessarily mean the amount of fiber.
Dietary supplement
A food intended to supplement the normal diet, being a source of nutrients or other substances with a specific physiological effect. It may be in the form of capsules, tablets, drops or powder. It is not a medicine and does not replace a varied diet. When choosing, the composition, quantity per serving, intended use and information and restrictions given on the label are important.
Dimethicone
Silicone cosmetic ingredient found in INCI as Dimethicone. It influences, among other things, the slipping, spreading and formation of a layer on the skin surface. Its presence does not mean that the entire formula is a silicone lubricant.
Disodium EDTA
INCI name of the ingredient that binds specific metal ions in the formulation. This action may help maintain the stability of the cosmetic. The presence of this ingredient in the formula does not mean that the product is intended for the removal of metals from the body or for medical purposes.
Distractions
Stimuli or circumstances that draw attention away from a task, such as notifications, noise or frequent interruptions. Their importance depends on the task and the person. Reducing distractions concerns surroundings and habits rather than the action of a single substance.
Dopamine
A catecholamine compound that acts, among other roles, as a neurotransmitter. It is discussed in relation to movement, motivation and learning, but does not alone determine the entire experience of pleasure. A product described as being for dopamine does not have one clearly defined effect.
Dry extract
An extract form obtained after removal of much of the extraction solvent, usually appearing as a powder. It is not automatically equivalent to ground plant material. Dry does not specify standardisation, the plant part or the amount of a selected compound per serving.
Dry skin
Description of skin prone to roughness, tension and insufficient lubrication. The care usually includes both water and lipid components. Dryness has various causes and cannot always be explained by skin type alone.
Extended description →Duration of supplement use
The period for which a supplement is taken, based on its intended use, instructions and individual circumstances. How long a pack lasts and advertising claims about when effects appear do not automatically determine the appropriate duration of use.
Extended description →Dyspareunia
A term meaning pain associated with intercourse or other sexual activity. It does not specify one specific cause. Pain should not be treated as an expected effect of the cosmetic and should not be masked with the product increasing slip.
Extended description →EAN - product code
Colloquial term for an identification number usually presented under a barcode, for example EAN-13. Makes it easier to recognize a specific trade item. The number itself does not confirm the authenticity, full composition or validity of the description found on the Internet.
Extended description →EDP — eau de parfum
Acronym for the French eau de parfum, i.e. eau de parfum. It means a category of a fragrance product, usually containing a higher proportion of fragrance composition than eau de toilette of the same line. However, it does not promise a specific number of hours of durability. When comparing perfumes, it is worth checking not only the EDP marking, but also the note profile and application recommendations.
EDT — eau de toilette
Acronym for eau de toilette, used for eaux de toilette. Products in this category often have a lighter character than the corresponding eau de parfum, but the differences depend on the brand and formula. The abbreviation itself does not indicate the quality or guaranteed projection of the fragrance. Eau de toilette can be an independent choice for everyday use if it suits your personal fragrance preferences.
Ejaculate — semen
Fluid expelled during ejaculation, containing glandular secretions and usually sperm. It is not composed solely of sperm. Volume, color or consistency alone do not allow a reliable assessment of fertility or the effect of a supplement.
Ejaculation
The process of expelling semen, commonly called ejaculation. It is related to responses of the nervous system and muscles, but is not synonymous with orgasm. The feelings and course of sexual response may vary between people and situations.
Elastin
A protein associated with the elasticity of certain tissues, including skin. It appears in care descriptions as an element explaining elasticity and changes that occur with age. Information about elastin in a cosmetic or advertising material does not automatically mean the reconstruction of fibers in the skin. The effect of the preparation depends on the overall formula, method of use and actual data about the product.
Extended description →Electrolytes
Substances that form electrically charged ions in fluids. In the body, examples include sodium, potassium and chloride, which are involved in fluid balance and cellular function. The word electrolytes does not specify one fixed recipe for a drink or supplement.
Elementary magnesium
Determination of the amount of magnesium itself provided by its chemical compound. Does not mean metallic magnesium in the capsule. This amount should be distinguished from the mass of citrate, L-threonate or other substance that is a source of magnesium.
Emollients
A group of ingredients that help soften and smooth the skin surface and reduce water loss. It may include various oils, esters and other substances, not only plant raw materials. Cosmetics often combine them with water-binding ingredients. The word emollient describes a function in care, not a single formula or an assurance that the product will be suitable for each person.
Extended description →Emulsifier
An ingredient that helps create and maintain an emulsion from the water and fat phases. Its function is to stabilize the formula, not just moisturize. The presence of an emulsifier in INCI does not determine the intended use or quality of the entire cosmetic.
Extended description →Emulsion
A system combining water and fat components, which usually separate without proper preparation. It may be in the form of a cream, milk or balm. The type of emulsion affects the consistency, distribution and feel of the product on the skin.
Extended description →EPA
The abbreviation of eicosapentaenoic acid, which is an omega-3 fatty acid. Its content may be declared separately from DHA and the whole oil. The number of milligrams of fish oil does not have to equal the number of milligrams of EPA.
Extended description →Epidermis
The outermost layer of the skin, composed of several levels of cells. It performs protective functions and is constantly renewed. Cosmetic definition of the effect on the epidermis does not mean interference in deep tissues or permanent change of body structure.
Extended description →Erectile dysfunction
Difficulty getting or maintaining an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual activity. A single situation does not determine the diagnosis. Persistent difficulties may have various causes and require consultation rather than basing the solution solely on supplements.
Erection
Stiffening of the penis resulting from changes in blood flow in its tissues. It is a physiological reaction that depends, among others, on the nervous and circulatory systems. It may occur during arousal, sleep, or without conscious intention. A single difficulty in obtaining it does not constitute a disorder. Recurring problems require an explanation of the cause, rather than just judging them as a lack of desire.
Extended description →Erotic massage
A form of close contact based on touch, comfort and mutually agreed boundaries. It can be used to relax and build mood, without the obligation to move on to further activities. Massage oil or candle facilitates gliding only to the extent indicated on the label. Talking about preferences, choosing the pressure and the ability to interrupt contact at any time are important.
Extended description →Essential amino acids
Amino acids that the human body does not produce in sufficient quantities and must be supplied with food. They are also referred to as essential. The presence of one of them in the preparation does not mean a full set of amino acids or a replacement of protein in the diet.
Extended description →Essential oil
A volatile mixture of compounds obtained from a specific plant raw material, including by distillation or pressing of citrus peels. It is not the same as fatty vegetable oil. Natural origin does not mean that it can be used on the skin freely.
Extended description →Estratetraenol
A steroid compound studied in the context of chemical signals and the reception of stimuli by humans. Its name is sometimes used in the descriptions of pheromone products. The result of testing the substance does not confirm the effectiveness of the finished perfume in everyday situations.
Extended description →Ethylhexylglycerin
INCI name of a multifunctional cosmetic ingredient, found, among others, in systems supporting the maintenance of formulations. It is sometimes combined with phenoxyethanol. Assessing its role requires considering the entire recipe; it is not another name for glycerin.
Excipients
Ingredients with technological roles in a preparation, such as forming a shell, assisting manufacture or maintaining a mixture's properties. They are not unnecessary merely because they are absent from an active-ingredient table. Their names belong in the complete ingredient list.
Extraction solvent
A substance or mixture used to extract ingredients from a raw material, for example water or a mixture of water and ethanol. The choice of solvent affects the extract profile. It does not automatically mean that the finished preparation contains it in the same amount.
Extended description →Fat-soluble vitamins
A group comprising vitamins A, D, E and K, classified by their chemical properties and the relationship between their absorption and fats. It is not one mixture with a fixed serving. The combined content of multiple preparations must be considered separately for each vitamin.
Fatty acids
Components of many lipids, differing in chain length and chemical structure. There are, among others, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated acids. Information about the amount of total oil is not the same as the content of a specific fatty acid.
Fennel
Fennel is Foeniculum vulgare. An ingredient may refer to its fruits or an extract made from them. It should not be automatically confused with dill.
Extended description →Fenugreek
A plant called Trigonella foenum-graecum, whose seeds are used in cooking and as a raw material for plant preparations. The extract is different from ground seeds. Part of the plant, standardization and serving size help differentiate products.
Extended description →Fermented foods
Foods produced through controlled microbial activity, including certain fermented vegetables and dairy products. Fermentation changes the raw material's properties. Not every fermented food contains live microorganisms when consumed, and not every one qualifies as a probiotic.
Fertility
The ability to participate in the process leading to pregnancy. It depends on many factors about people and their health. It is not synonymous with libido, erection or number of sexual encounters; Fertility problems require appropriate diagnosis.
Flavonoids
One of the groups of polyphenols found in plants. It includes compounds with various structures and properties. The amount of the entire extract does not automatically provide information about the flavonoid content if the manufacturer has not provided appropriate standardization.
Extended description →Floral fragrance
A composition based on associations with flowers or a floral bouquet. It can be light and fresh or thick, creamy and sweet. The name of a flower in the note description does not automatically confirm the presence of its extract.
Extended description →Folate
The name of a group of compounds with vitamin B9 activity. Folic acid is one of the forms associated with this term, not the name of all folates. The label should identify the source of the ingredient and the amount listed per serving.
Extended description →Folic acid
A form of folates, i.e. compounds classified as vitamin B9, used in fortified foods and supplements. Folates participate, among other things, in cell division processes. Various forms of this ingredient can be found on labels and should not be identified without checking the labels. Information about the content is used to compare portions, and the selection of supplementation should take into account the situation of a given person.
Extended description →Foreplay
A conventional name for activities that build closeness and stimulation, such as talking, touching, kissing or massage. It does not have to lead to penetration or be merely a preparation for another activity. Its form and pace depend on the participants' preferences. In the descriptions of accessories and cosmetics, it means the context of their use, and the basis for pleasant contact is mutual consent and communication.
Extended description →FOS — fructooligosaccharides
Short sugar chains belonging to fructans, used, among others, in the nutrition of microbiota. They are not living bacteria. When evaluating a product, a distinction should be made between the amount of FOS, the microbial culture content and the total weight of the portion.
Extended description →Fougère
A fragrance family whose name means fern in French. Classic associations include lavender, coumarin softness and moss tones. This does not mean fern extract or the mandatory presence of a specific natural raw material in each composition.
Extended description →Fragrance absolute
Concentrated fragrance raw material obtained from natural material in the process of extraction and further purification. It is different from the oil obtained by distillation. Its name in the perfume description does not mean that it can be used without dilution.
Extended description →Fragrance accord
A combination of several fragrances perceived as one coherent whole, for example a leather or sea accord. Not a single INCI ingredient. The same accord name can mean different recipes and different proportions of materials.
Extended description →Fragrance composition
A mixture of fragrance substances creating the character of a perfume, oil or cosmetic. It can combine floral, fruity, woody, spicy accords and many others. Its perception changes during the evaporation of individual ingredients. The same composition may smell slightly different on different people, so the description of the notes helps in choosing, but does not replace the smell test.
Extended description →Fragrance concentration
Share of the fragrance composition in the finished product, if provided by the manufacturer. Higher concentration does not necessarily mean greater projection or identical durability of each formulation. The EDP and EDT labels themselves do not reveal the exact proportions of the ingredients.
Fragrance extraction
The process of extracting selected fragrance compounds from the raw material, for example using an appropriate solvent. It is different from simply describing a note in a perfume. The technique used affects the nature and composition of the material obtained.
Extended description →Fragrance family
A group of compositions with a similar character, for example floral, woody or citrus. The division makes it easier to compare perfumes, but its limits depend on the adopted classification. One fragrance can combine features of several families.
Fragrance fixative
A term for a material that helps shape the development and persistence of a fragrance composition. It does not mean one universal substance. The presence of materials with low volatility does not allow us to promise the same number of hours of durability on each skin.
Extended description →Fragrance layering
Consciously combining perfumes or scented products to obtain an individual composition. The effect depends on the recipes and the order of application. Do not mix ready-made cosmetics in packages without the manufacturer's instructions, as this changes their formula.
Extended description →Fragrance longevity
The time during which the fragrance remains perceptible on the skin or other surface approved by the manufacturer. It depends on the composition, amount of product, temperature and individual skin characteristics. It is not the same as projection, i.e. the distance from which others smell the perfume. Habituation of one's own sense of smell may cause the user to stop noticing the smell earlier than those around him.
Fragrance projection
Determination of the range at which the fragrance is perceptible around the person wearing the perfume. It does not mean the same thing as durability on the skin. Perception is influenced by, among others, the quantity of the product, temperature, surroundings and individual olfactory sensitivity.
Free radicals
Molecules or atoms that have an unpaired electron, which allows them to participate in reactive transformations. They are also produced by normal body processes. Not every free radical is identical and not every reduction in its activity provides a clinical benefit.
Extended description →Freesia
A floral note found in perfume descriptions, associated with the lightness and freshness of the composition. It describes the olfactory impression, not the full recipe. The mention of freesia in the fragrance pyramid does not mean that the product contains a natural extract of this flower.
Friction
The resistance that occurs when moving surfaces against each other. In intimate contact it depends, among other things, on hydration, pressure and movement. Greater friction intensity is not a requirement for pleasure; discomfort is a signal to change or stop activity.
Extended description →Fruity scent
Fruit-like scent, for example pear, currant, cherry or mango. It includes juicy, sour and sweet sensations. It is often made from a mixture of scented materials rather than the juice or extract of the fruit in question.
Extended description →Garcinia cambogia
A botanical ingredient name used in supplements. Check whether the label refers to fruit, a particular fruit part or an extract, and whether standardisation is stated. The name alone does not specify an extract’s concentration.
Extended description →Gelatin
Protein material obtained from raw materials of animal origin, used, among others, to create capsule shells. The information about gelatin also applies to the part of the product surrounding its contents. The gelatin capsule is not a vegan capsule.
Extended description →Ginger
Zingiber officinale plant, the rhizome of which is used as a spice and raw material for extracts. The rhizome should not be confused with the root in a strict botanical description. The nature of the extract depends, among other things, on processing and standardization.
Extended description →Ginkgo biloba
A tree known as Ginkgo biloba, whose leaves are the source of extracts used in various preparations. Raw materials differ in the method of production and the content of determined compounds. The term ginkgo on the label does not describe all the parameters of the extract. When combining supplements with medications, it is the warnings and interactions that are important, not the plant origin of the ingredient itself.
Extended description →Ginseng
The name is used primarily for plants of the Panax genus, the root of which is the raw material of many supplements. It is worth checking the full botanical name on the label, because the term ginseng is also used for other plants. Extracts may differ in standardization and compound content. All preparations with this word in their name should not be treated as identical in terms of action.
Extended description →Glycaemic index
A measure comparing the blood glucose response to a specified amount of available carbohydrate from a food with a reference under defined conditions. It does not independently account for normal serving size or the whole meal, so it is not a complete nutritional assessment.
Glycerin
A substance commonly used in cosmetics, marked in INCI as Glycerin. It has the ability to bind water and can help maintain the appropriate moisture of the formula and the skin. The effect of the finished preparation depends on the entire composition, and not on the presence of glycerin alone. Its plant or other origin cannot be confidently determined solely on the basis of the name included in the list of ingredients.
Extended description →Glycosides
Compounds in which the sugar part is connected to another part of the molecule. The term covers a wide variety of plant substances. It is not synonymous with glucose or information about the sweet taste or sugar content of the entire product.
Extended description →Goldenrod
A name covering plants of the Solidago genus, found in descriptions of herbal raw materials. Common goldenrod and Canadian goldenrod are different species, so they should not be identified based solely on their similar name. When choosing a product, the Latin name and identification of the plant part help.
GOS - galactooligosaccharides
A group of oligosaccharides containing galactose units, used, among others, in nutritional preparations. It should not be confused with the name of a bacterial strain. The properties of a specific product depend on the composition and quantity given in a portion.
Gotu kola
A plant named Centella asiatica, also known as gotu kola. It appears in both supplement and cosmetic ingredient lists. Check the extract form and any standardisation on the label.
Gourmand
Description of compositions evoking associations with desserts, for example vanilla, caramel, chocolate or pralines. Describes the olfactory sensation. Does not indicate that the product contains food, is edible or is suitable for oral use.
Extended description →Green fragrance
Description of an odor associated with leaves, stems, grass or freshly crushed plants. Describes the olfactory sensation. It does not mean an ecological certificate, natural composition or a specific color of the liquid in the packaging.
Extended description →Green tea
A raw material obtained from tea leaves, found both as an infusion and as an ingredient of extracts. A serving of drink and an extract capsule are not equivalent amounts. In the description of the extract, it is worth reading its weight and the declared content of the indicated compounds separately.
Extended description →Guarana
Paullinia cupana is a plant whose seeds naturally contain caffeine. The amount of guarana extract is not automatically the amount of caffeine; caffeine content depends on the material specification and standardisation.
Extended description →Gut microbiota
The community of microorganisms that inhabit the intestines, including various groups of microorganisms. Its composition is related to diet, age, environment and many other factors. There is no one simple list of bacteria that is perfect for all people. The term microbiota balance in the article is a general term, and the choice of product should be based on its specific features and purpose.
Extended description →Gut–brain axis
Bidirectional communication between the digestive tract and the nervous system, involving neural, hormonal and immune signals. The microbiota can participate in these relationships. The existence of this axis does not establish that any probiotic improves mood or removes fatigue.
HACCP
A system of hazard analysis and critical control points used to ensure food safety. It concerns the recognition of threats and the supervision of important stages of the process. The logo or mention of HACCP is not a confirmation of the effectiveness of the supplement or evidence that the product has medicinal properties. Information about the production system should be separated from the composition, portion and intended use of the preparation.
Extended description →HCl — hydrochloride
A note denoting the hydrochloride form of a given compound, for example L-arginine or berberine. It is not the name of a separate plant extract. When comparing quantities, it is worth determining whether the declaration concerns the weight of the salt or the indicated substance itself.
Health claim
Information indicating a relationship between a food or food ingredient and health. Its use in commercial communications is subject to certain terms and conditions. The name of the product or mention of research does not replace the basis for use of a specific claim.
Extended description →Heart notes
The middle part of a perfume composition, more pronounced after the top notes fade away. It often gives the scent its recognizable character, such as floral, spicy or aromatic. Heart notes combine a fresh opening with a longer-lasting base. They do not have a fixed time of appearance, because the development of the scent also depends on the skin and environmental conditions.
Highbush blueberry
Vaccinium corymbosum is the botanical name of highbush blueberry. Products may use berries, berry powder or an extract; the particular form matters when comparing ingredients.
Hops
A plant associated with cones, i.e. female inflorescences, and the raw materials obtained from them. When describing an extract, the part of the plant used and the amount in a serving are important. The presence of the name hops does not mean that the product is an alcoholic beverage or has the same composition as beer.
Extended description →HPMC
An abbreviation of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, a cellulose derivative used, among others, in capsule shells. It is an alternative shell material to gelatin. However, the information about the HPMC coating itself does not confirm the vegan origin of all other ingredients of the product.
Humectants
Cosmetic ingredients with the ability to bind water, for example glycerin and selected forms of hyaluronic acid. They help build the moisturizing properties of the preparation. Their effect depends on the remaining ingredients and conditions of use, so the indication of a humectant alone does not describe the entire cosmetic. Moisturizing the skin is not the same as lubricating it, although both effects can occur in the same formula.
Extended description →Hyaluronic acid
A water-binding compound, naturally present in the body and used in various forms in cosmetics. It may also appear on the INCI list as a salt, for example Sodium Hyaluronate. The formulas differ in the type of raw material, its particle size and concentration. The presence of hyaluronic acid in a care cosmetic does not mean the same effect as a treatment using a filler.
Extended description →Hydration
Maintaining enough water in the body relative to its losses. Water comes from drinks and food, while needs vary with factors such as activity and ambient temperature. Hydrating the body is different from moisturising the skin with a cosmetic product.
Hydrolipid barrier
Colloquial term for a protective layer associated with water and lipids on the surface of the skin. It interacts with the stratum corneum, limiting water loss and the influence of external factors. Too intense washing or inappropriate care may worsen the skin's comfort. Moisturizing and oiling products perform different, complementary functions; not every problem means the need for stronger cleansing.
Hydrosol
Aqueous product obtained during the distillation of plant raw material, containing some soluble and volatile ingredients. It has a different composition than essential oil. Not every cosmetic described as floral water is a hydrolate from distillation.
Extended description →INCI
International system of names for cosmetic ingredients used in packaging lists. It helps to recognize substances regardless of the language of the trade description. The INCI list describes the recipe, while the pyramid of notes presents the olfactory experience. The presence of an ingredient's name does not reveal its exact concentration, and the entry in the name database itself does not confirm the effectiveness of a given cosmetic.
Ingredient carrier
A material or system holding another substance to facilitate formulation, distribution or stability. Different ingredients can serve as carriers. Mentioning a carrier alone does not establish improved bioavailability or the effect of a finished product.
Ingredient volatility
The ability of a substance to enter the gas phase under given conditions. In perfumery, it helps explain the variability of compositions over time. The evaporation rate also depends on the temperature, substrate and other ingredients of the mixture.
Extended description →Insulin resistance
A reduced cellular response to insulin, a hormone involved in regulating blood glucose. It describes a physiological condition rather than an ingredient. Assessment requires medical context; a product description is not a tool for self-diagnosis.
Interactions
The interaction of substances that may alter their action, absorption or tolerance. It applies not only to medicines, but also to some supplements and plant ingredients. Combining products with a similar purpose is not always neutral. Before using several preparations, it is worth comparing the compositions and warnings, and providing information about the drugs you are taking to the person conducting the treatment.
Extended description →Intimate care
Caring for the cleanliness and comfort of external intimate areas, taking into account their sensitivity. Products for this area vary from perfumes, body oils and some massage cosmetics. They should only be used within the scope described on the label. A strong smell or a feeling of coolness are not a measure of the effectiveness of cleaning, and persistent irritation should not be masked with further preparations.
Extended description →Intimate comfort
Subjective sense of comfort and lack of unwanted discomfort in the intimate area. It depends on many factors, not only the product used. Burning, pain or other persistent symptoms should not be considered a normal cost of care.
Intimate dryness
A feeling of insufficient moisture in the intimate areas, which may result in friction or discomfort. They are influenced by various factors, including life stage, medications, cosmetics and circumstances of contact. Lubricant may temporarily reduce friction, but it does not explain the cause of the discomfort. Dryness is not automatically a sign of lack of desire, and persistent symptoms are worth discussing with a specialist.
Extended description →Inulin
A type of fructan found in some plants and used as a fiber ingredient. It can also have technological functions in food. The hormone insulin is not; similarity of names does not imply similar use or substitution of treatment.
Iris
A perfume note often associated with softness, powderiness and dry elegance. Natural iris materials are obtained from prepared rhizomes, not simply from flower petals. A similar impression can also be reproduced with the composition of other substances.
Iron
A mineral element found in food and some supplements. Information about the chemical form specifies the source of the ingredient, and the declaration in milligrams should refer to the indicated amount of iron. A higher content does not mean that the preparation is suitable for every person.
IU — international unit
A unit describing the biological activity of selected substances, not their universal mass. The conversion to micrograms or milligrams depends on the specific substance and its form. Therefore, one IU conversion factor cannot be used for all vitamins.
Extended description →Japanese knotweed
A botanical material appearing in extract descriptions. Check the botanical name, plant part and any standardisation on the label. Extract weight is not automatically the amount of resveratrol.
Jasmine
A floral note with a rich character, appearing in perfumes, oils and candles. Depending on the composition, it may be perceived as fresh, sweet, creamy or intense. It often belongs to the heart notes and is combined with fruit, wood or musk. The name of jasmine in the fragrance pyramid describes the sensory impression and does not replace information about the ingredients given on the label.
Extended description →Jerusalem artichoke
The common name of the tuberous sunflower, a plant that produces edible underground tubers. In product descriptions, it may appear as a raw material or a processed ingredient. Jerusalem artichoke and isolated inulin are different terms - the amount of one cannot automatically be taken as the amount of the other.
Ketogenic diet
An eating pattern with a very low carbohydrate intake, intended to favour the production of ketone bodies. It is different from simply buying a product labelled keto. A supplement name does not mean that it induces ketosis or replaces planning an overall diet.
Ketone bodies
Compounds produced mainly in the liver during fat metabolism that can serve as an energy source. They include acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetone. Their presence alone does not describe diet quality or establish that a weight-management product is effective.
Ketosis
A metabolic state involving increased production and use of ketone bodies as an energy source. It can occur in different circumstances, including a very low carbohydrate intake. It is not the same as ketoacidosis and does not guarantee weight loss.
Kola nut
A material from plants of the genus Cola; product descriptions may name Cola nitida. It can supply caffeine, but extract weight does not automatically specify caffeine content.
Extended description →Korean ginseng
Panax ginseng is the species known as Korean or Asian ginseng. Its extracts may declare a ginsenoside content. It should not be substituted with Siberian ginseng, which belongs to a different genus.
Extended description →KSM-66®
The trade name of a specific ashwagandha root extract found on supplement labels. It is not the botanical name of the plant or a general term for all extracts. Comparison requires checking the authentic specifications, extract amounts and standardization provided by the manufacturer.
L-arginine
An amino acid involved in many metabolic processes, including the production of nitric oxide. It occurs naturally in food and is added to some supplements. The description of the role of arginine in the body does not mean that every preparation containing it provides a specific sexual or sports effect. The quantity, form of the ingredient and the entire recipe given on the label are important.
Extended description →L-arginine HCl
L-arginine hydrochloride, a chemical form of arginine. HCl identifies the salt form. The hydrochloride’s weight is not automatically the weight of L-arginine alone; check how the label declares the quantity.
Extended description →L-carnitine
A compound involved in the transformations related to the transport of fatty acids in cells. It occurs in the body and in some food products. Its mere presence in a supplement does not prove to increase fat burning or improve fertility.
L-citrulline
An amino acid related to arginine metabolism and the urea cycle. It is found in preparations for physical activity and vitality. L-citrulline and citrulline malate are not the names of the same form of raw material, so their amounts should not be compared without checking the specifications. Information about participation in body processes does not confirm the effectiveness of any supplement.
Extended description →L-tryptophan
An essential amino acid present in food proteins and involved in various body metabolism. It is not the same as serotonin or melatonin. The description of its involvement in metabolic pathways does not mean that the product acts as a sleep or mood medicine.
Extended description →L-tyrosine
An amino acid used to build proteins and as a starting material in the synthesis of specific body compounds. Its physiological role should not be equated with the effect of any supplement. The amount and form of the ingredient can be read from the label.
Extended description →Lactic acid
A compound known in INCI as Lactic Acid, used for various cosmetic functions, also for pH regulation. The importance of its presence depends on the concentration and formula. Not every product with this ingredient is a peeling preparation.
Lactobacillus
The name of the genus of bacteria found in descriptions of probiotic cultures and preparations. Some of the species previously included in it now have new generic names. Species and strain designations are needed for accurate identification, not just a common group name.
Latex
Material used, among others, in parts of condoms and gloves. It may be a source of allergic reactions in sensitive people. The compatibility of an intimate product with latex must be checked in the instructions for the specific product; it does not result solely from the trade name.
Extended description →Lavender
The name of the plant and the fragrance note associated with a floral-herbal character. It may appear in perfumes, cosmetics and aroma descriptions. The name of the note should be distinguished from the INCI name of the specific oil, its concentration and the intended use of the finished product.
Leather fragrance
An accord reminiscent of the scent of leather, suede or leather accessories. It can be soft, smoky or dry. The name describes the composition and does not indicate the use of raw materials of animal origin.
Extended description →Lecithin
The name of a mixture of phospholipids obtained from various raw materials, for example sunflower or soy. It is not synonymous with pure phosphatidylcholine. The source and composition of the mixture are important when reading recipe and allergen information.
Libido
Determination of sexual drive, i.e. the general desire for sexual activity. Its intensity may change with stress, sleep, well-being, relationship and life stage. There is no one correct frequency of desire common to everyone. Libido is also not synonymous with the ability to have an erection or the readiness for contact in any specific situation.
Extended description →Lily of the valley
A floral note associated with a fresh, light bouquet of perfume. In the description of the composition, it specifies the olfactory impression that can be reproduced using various materials. It does not mean that a plant or lily of the valley extract has been added to the cosmetic.
Extended description →Limbic system
A term for interconnected brain structures discussed in relation to emotion, memory and smell. Saying that something affects the limbic system is very broad. It does not establish a predictable effect of a particular fragrance on behaviour, hormones or relationships.
Limonene
INCI name of limonene, a fragrance substance associated with citrus notes. It may be present in a fragrance composition or as a component of natural raw materials. Allergic people should check the list of ingredients; natural origin does not exclude the possibility of an allergic reaction.
Linalool
INCI name of linalool, a fragrance substance also present in some natural raw materials. It may be listed separately on the cosmetic label. The description of fragrance notes does not replace this information, especially if the user knows whether he or she is allergic to a specific ingredient.
Lipids
A broad group of compounds including, among others, fats, waxes and skin barrier components. In cosmetics, they influence the lubrication, consistency and feel after application. Not all lipids have the same structure or behave identically.
Extended description →Liposomes
Fine structures made of lipid layers, used in some recipes to transport other substances. The term liposomal describes the method of preparation of the product, not the individual vitamin or nutrient. The quality of such systems depends on the specific technology and durability of the formula. The name itself does not allow us to determine what part of the ingredient the body will actually use.
Liquorice
Glycyrrhiza glabra is the botanical name of liquorice. Extracts may state their glycyrrhizic acid content. Extract weight and the amount of that compound should be read separately on the label.
Extended description →Lovage
Levisticum officinale is the botanical name of lovage. It is used as a seasoning and a material for extracts. Ingredient information should specify the plant part and material form.
Extended description →Lubricant compatibility with condoms
A statement identifying which condom materials are suitable for use with a particular lubricant. Compatibility depends on the formulation and barrier material. Oils can damage latex; the word gel alone does not establish compatibility. Check the instructions for both products.
Maca
A plant native to the Andean region, usually described as Lepidium meyenii. Supplements contain powdered raw material and extracts that differ in their preparation method and concentration. Maca is found in offers related to vitality and sexuality. However, the name of the plant does not confirm the specific effect of the finished preparation nor does it allow the transfer of properties between different recipes.
Extended description →Magnesium
A mineral component involved in, among others, the work of muscles, the nervous system and energy metabolism. In supplements, it may appear in the form of various salts, the name of which is not synonymous with the amount of magnesium itself. The content of the element per serving is used to compare products. Magnesium from food and several preparations should be considered together in the context of the entire diet.
Extended description →Magnesium L-threonate
A form of magnesium related to L-threonic acid, listed in the compositions of selected supplements. The mass of this compound is greater than the mass of magnesium it contains. The number of milligrams of L-threonate must therefore be distinguished from the amount of magnesium given in the table.
Magnesium oxide
A compound of magnesium and oxygen, written MgO. Magnesium oxide weight and the amount of magnesium within it are different values. Check whether the label declares the compound or elemental magnesium.
Magnolia
A flower name also used to describe a floral note in a perfume composition. Its character should be read in conjunction with the other notes, and not as an independent assessment of the intensity or durability of the product. The list of notes does not replace the composition of the cosmetic.
Marine fragrance
A composition that creates associations with the sea breeze, water or humid air. It is usually the result of a selected mixture of fragrance materials. The term does not indicate seawater content or any specific care effect.
Extended description →Marshmallow
A plant named Althaea officinalis. Ingredient lists should identify the plant part, such as the root, and any extract form. The plant name is distinct from the confectionery called marshmallow.
Massage candle
A product whose melted mass is intended to be applied to the skin in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. It can combine oils and waxes with a fragrance composition, creating a massage lubricant. It is not interchangeable with a regular decorative candle. Before application, turn off the flame and check the product temperature, carefully following the rules given on the label of a given variant.
Extended description →Massage oil
A product that makes it easier to move your hands over the skin and reduces friction during massage. It may contain vegetable oils, fragrances and other care ingredients. Not every oil is suitable for intimate areas or for use with a condom. The permissible area of application and compatibility with materials is determined by the intended use of a specific product, not the description of its scent alone.
Extended description →Meditation
A broad name for practices involving attention and awareness, differing in tradition, format and purpose. It may be discussed in relation to rest or mindfulness. Meditation does not automatically mean having no thoughts or achieving a particular result after one session.
Melatonin
A hormone produced in the body that helps signal biological time. Its secretion is influenced by the light–dark cycle. It can also be present as a substance in products; intended use and instructions depend on the particular preparation rather than the compound name alone.
Menopause
The stage of life associated with the permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from the cessation of ovarian function. The accompanying hormonal changes may affect sleep, well-being and intimate comfort, but the course is individual. Menopause does not mean the end of sexuality. The care products and supplements discussed in this context have different purposes and are not interchangeable solutions.
Extended description →Menthol
A substance with a characteristic minty odour, listed as Menthol in INCI. In cosmetics it may contribute to a cooling sensation. A skin sensation is not a measurement of product temperature.
Metabolism
The set of chemical reactions occurring in the body, including the synthesis and breakdown of compounds. It is not synonymous with the rate of weight loss or only with digestion. The term metabolism support requires clarification of what ingredient and what process it refers to.
Extended description →Methylcobalamin
One of the forms of vitamin B12 found in preparations. It is not a separate vitamin or universal proof of the product's advantage over other forms of B12. When choosing, your needs, portion content and method of use are important.
Microbiota diversity
Variation among microorganisms in a particular environment, such as the gut, including the number of types and their relative abundance. The number of strains listed on a preparation is not a measurement of an individual's microbiota diversity or an automatic measure of product quality.
Microgram - µg
A unit of mass equal to one millionth of a gram. One milligram is equal to one thousand micrograms. It is also written on labels as mcg; confusing it with mg leads to a thousand-fold difference in the quantity reading.
Extended description →Milligram - mg
A unit of mass equal to one thousandth of a gram. The label may refer to an ingredient, an extract or the entire portion. Before comparing the numbers, you need to check what they refer to and whether they are given per capsule, daily portion or the entire package.
Extended description →Milliliter - ml
A unit of volume equal to one thousandth of a liter. It is not a unit of mass and does not always correspond to one gram of product. In the case of liquids, the number of milliliters informs about the volume, and not automatically about the amount of active ingredients.
Extended description →Mindfulness
Deliberate awareness of present experiences, such as bodily sensations, emotions and surroundings, without immediately reacting to every stimulus. It can be developed through different practices. It is not constant control of thoughts or a requirement to feel calm at all times.
Mucous membrane
Tissue that lines certain surfaces and cavities of the body, distinct from the outer skin. Its sensitivity is important when selecting the preparation. A cosmetic intended for the skin does not therefore automatically become suitable for use on mucous membranes.
Extended description →Multi-ingredient formulation
A formulation containing several highlighted ingredients, such as vitamins, minerals or extracts. The number of entries is not a quality assessment by itself. Comparison requires considering ingredient forms, quantities and recommended serving size rather than list length alone.
Multitasking
Performing activities in parallel or frequently switching between tasks. Many situations described as multitasking involve shifts of attention rather than fully simultaneous processing. It does not automatically mean greater productivity; results depend on the nature and complexity of the activities.
Mumio — shilajit
A material also called shilajit, with a complex mineral-organic composition. Extracts may state standardisation to fulvic acids. The name does not identify a single chemically pure substance.
Musk
Description of a family of fragrance notes associated with softness, warmth and the impression of clean skin. In modern perfumery, substances that reproduce this type of scent are primarily used. The presence of a musk note in the description does not automatically mean an ingredient of animal origin. Musk often appears in the base and helps build a coherent, enveloping character of the composition.
Extended description →Native extract
An extract considered without excipients added after extraction. The distinction matters when reading extract mass and the drug–extract ratio. It does not automatically mean dry constituents: liquid and soft extracts may include retained solvent in their declared mass.
Neroli
Fragrance oil obtained from bitter orange flowers, usually by distillation. It brings floral, fresh and slightly citrus associations. It is not the same material as orange peel oil or orange flower absolute.
Extended description →Net weight
The weight of the product contents without packaging. It is not the same as the weight of the entire shipment or the sum of the weight of the active ingredients. In supplements, net weight may also include capsule shells and technological ingredients. The number of capsules, quantity per serving and net weight describe various properties of the packaging, so it is worth reading them together when comparing variants.
Extended description →Niacin
A collective term for compounds classified as vitamin B3, including nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. It participates in the body's energy metabolism. Different forms may have different tolerance, so it is worth reading the detailed list of ingredients. Niacin in the preparation does not automatically mean an energy boost, and the amount given in one capsule may differ from the amount in the entire serving.
Extended description →Nitric oxide — NO
A short-lived molecule that performs a signaling function in the body, including in the regulation of blood vessels. It is not the same as nitrous oxide. The mention of NO in the supplement description does not prove the treatment of circulatory or erectile dysfunction.
No added fragrances
A declaration regarding the formulation of the cosmetic, not a promise of complete odorlessness. Raw materials may have their own odor. It does not automatically mean a hypoallergenic product; the full list of ingredients and individual tolerance are important.
Extended description →NRV — nutrient reference value
Reference intake used on labels to present the content of selected nutrients. The RWS percentage shows how the amount of a given ingredient relates to the value used for labeling. It is not an individual recommendation or upper safe limit. The lack of an established RWS for a plant extract does not mean that it can be taken in any amount.
Extended description →Number of servings per package
The quantity in a pack divided by the stated serving size. For example, 60 capsules with a daily serving of two capsules provide 30 daily servings. Capsule count alone does not establish how long a pack lasts.
Extended description →Nutrient deficiency
A situation in which the availability of a vitamin, mineral or another essential nutrient is insufficient for the body's needs. Fatigue or poor concentration alone does not identify a missing nutrient. Assessment depends on the substance and the person's circumstances.
Nutrition claim
Information suggesting the particular nutritional properties of a food, for example a specific ingredient content. In the European Union, its use requires meeting appropriate conditions. It is not a promise of treatment and should not be equated with a health claim.
Extended description →Oats
A cereal plant whose grain and other parts may constitute various raw materials. In the product description, it is important whether it is a grain, herb or extract. The name of the plant does not replace the declaration regarding gluten or information about possible contamination with other cereals.
Extended description →Occlusion
Creating a layer on the skin surface that limits water evaporation. It is one of the mechanisms of action of care ingredients. It does not mean that water is delivered deep into the skin or that every occlusive preparation is suitable for every use.
Extended description →Odor isolate
A single compound isolated from a more complex material, such as an oil. Unlike the whole oil, it brings a more specific note. The name isolate does not mean a ready-made perfume or a product intended for direct application.
Oestrogens
A group of steroid hormones with several roles in the body, including reproductive functions. Their levels depend on many physiological factors. Phytoestrogens are different, plant-derived compounds; a supplement containing them is not an oestrogen hormone preparation.
Olfactory adaptation
Reducing the perceived intensity of odor during longer exposure. It can make the person wearing the perfume stop noticing it clearly. The mere weakening of one's own sensation does not prove that the smell has completely disappeared from the environment.
Extended description →Omega-3
A group of polyunsaturated fatty acids including, among others, ALA, EPA and DHA. The name does not mean one compound with the same content in each preparation. When comparing products, what matters is the amount of individual acids, not just the weight of the oil.
Extended description →Orange blossom
A floral note evoking the scent of orange tree flowers, not just fruit peel. In perfumes, it is worth distinguishing it from the general note of orange. Neroli is the name of a specific type of raw material; the description of the orange blossom note has a broader meaning.
Extended description →Orgasm
An intense, usually short-lived experience associated with the peak of sexual arousal. It may include a feeling of release of tension and involuntary muscle contractions, but its course varies individually. It does not have to occur during every contact and is not the only measure of satisfaction. Orgasm and ejaculation are separate processes that often occur together in men, but are not always connected.
Extended description →Oxidative stress
A condition associated with an imbalance between the formation of reactive compounds and the body's ability to defend and repair itself. It does not simply mean emotional stress. The concept itself is not used to recognize deficiencies or to select large amounts of antioxidants.
Panthenol
Cosmetic ingredient known as provitamin B5, most often marked with the name Panthenol in lists. It is found in care products intended, among others, for dry and sensitive skin. It can act as a moisturizer and support skin comfort. Simply placing panthenol on the label does not specify its concentration and does not make the cosmetic a cure for skin irritations or damage.
Extended description →PAO — period after opening
Information about the time during which the cosmetic is suitable for use after first opening under appropriate conditions. It is often accompanied by the symbol of an open jar and the designation of the months, for example 12M. It should not be confused with the date of minimum durability.
Extended description →Parfum — fragrance in INCI
Designation of the fragrance mixture in the list of cosmetic ingredients. It is not the name of a single substance or a complete pyramid of notes. Selected fragrance ingredients may additionally be listed separately in accordance with labeling rules.
Patch test
A diagnostic procedure used by specialists to investigate contact allergy, with selected substances and scheduled skin assessments. A casual trial of a cosmetic on a small area is not equivalent to this procedure and cannot rule out all possible reactions.
Patchouli
A plant known for its oil with an earthy, woody and slightly balsamic character. In perfumery, a note of patchouli often enriches the base and gives depth to the composition. Its perception depends on the other ingredients: it may be dry, fresh or sweet. The mention of patchouli in a perfume description helps to recognize the fragrance family, but does not specify the concentration or origin of the raw material used.
Extended description →Pelvic floor muscles
A group of muscles that support the organs in the pelvis and participate, among other things, in the control of urination. They are also important for feelings during sexual contact. Their efficiency includes both the possibility of tension and relaxation. Not all discomfort means weakness, so the selection of exercises should take into account the individual situation and not be based on muscle tightening alone.
Extended description →Peptides
Molecules composed of linked amino acids, shorter than many typical proteins. The name covers numerous compounds with different properties. Information about peptides in a cosmetic or supplement does not allow all such products to be assigned one action.
Extended description →Percentage concentration
Method of determining the share of an ingredient in a mixture. Percentage may refer to weight, volume, or any other clearly indicated basis. Without knowing what it refers to, you should not compare it directly with the number of milligrams of the entire serving.
Extended description →Perfume bottle
A term for packaging associated primarily with perfumes, often made of glass and equipped with an atomizer. The bottle is a container, not a unit of product quantity. When comparing offers, the declared capacity, fragrance version and type of dispenser are important.
Extended description →Perimenopause
The transition around menopause involving changes in ovarian function and menstrual patterns. Experiences differ between individuals. It is a broader period than menopause itself, which is identified retrospectively rather than as one universally identical set of symptoms.
Personal lubricant
A product intended to reduce friction during intimate contact or when using appropriate accessories. It comes in various bases and consistencies, so the scope of use depends on the specific recipe. Compatibility with condoms and accessory materials must be checked. A body massage cosmetic does not become a lubricant just because it has a slippery consistency.
PET
The abbreviation of polyethylene terephthalate, a material used, among others, for the production of bottles and jars. The marking of the packaging material does not describe the composition of its contents. The method of segregation and reuse should be determined based on markings and local rules.
Extended description →pH
A measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. In care, it is important for the characteristics of the recipe and its compatibility with a specific area of use. There is no single value suitable for all cosmetics and body parts. The pH declaration should not be read as a stand-alone endorsement of gentleness; the composition, purpose and method of use of a given preparation also matter.
Phenoxyethanol
INCI name of phenoxyethanol, an ingredient used in cosmetics primarily in preservative systems. Helps protect the formulation against microbial growth. Its presence does not alone determine the gentleness of the product or whether it is suitable for a given person.
Pheromone concentrate
Trade name of preparations sold as concentrated mixtures of ingredients known as pheromones. Some are odorless, others have their own fragrance composition. Concentrate is not a unit that determines the potency on humans. The method of application, place of use and possibility of combining with perfumes should be read from the instructions for a specific product.
Extended description →Pheromone perfumes
Fragrance products combining a perfume composition with ingredients referred to by the brand as pheromones. They are used to fragrance the skin and complement your personal style. The name of the category does not guarantee the other person's interest. When choosing, it is worth taking into account the notes, capacity and your own assessment of the fragrance after it develops on the skin.
Pheromones
Substances involved in chemical communication between individuals of the same species. In the store, this term appears with perfumes and fragrance concentrates. In humans, it has not been clearly confirmed that the ingredients of such cosmetics cause predictable sexual attraction. Smell, however, can influence associations, style perception and personal well-being.
Phosphatidylcholine
Phospholipid containing choline, present, among others, in cell membranes and lecithin preparations. It is sometimes an element of liposomal formulas. The name itself in the composition does not confirm the parameters of ready-made liposomes, their size or the effectiveness of product absorption.
Extended description →Photoageing
Changes in skin structure and appearance associated with long-term radiation exposure, particularly UV. They overlap with natural ageing but are not identical to it. Naming an antioxidant ingredient in a cosmetic or supplement does not specify its level of sun protection.
Physical activity
Body movement involving energy expenditure, including planned exercise and everyday activities. It is not limited to competitive sport or gym workouts. In articles it describes part of a lifestyle that taking a product marketed to active people does not replace.
Phytoestrogens
Plant compounds, some of which may interact with estrogen receptors. They are not identical to human estrogens. Their presence in the plant does not prove the effect of the supplement on breast size or that the preparation replaces hormonal treatment.
Phytosterols
Sterol compounds of plant origin with a structure similar to cholesterol. Their amount in the extract or preparation requires a separate declaration. The name of an ingredient does not mean that every product containing it meets the conditions for specific health claims.
Extended description →Piperine
A compound found in pepper that is responsible for part of its spicy flavor. In supplements, it is often indicated as a component of standardized black pepper fruit extract. Its influence on the metabolism of other substances means that it should not be considered only as an ordinary spice. The name piperine does not mean the mass of the entire extract, and combinations with drugs require attention.
Extended description →Placebo
A comparison substance or procedure without the specific effect being investigated, used in appropriately designed studies. Expectations and context can also influence a person's experience. A personal impression after using a product is therefore different from demonstrating its effect in research.
Plant extract
Preparation obtained from a specific part of the plant in the process of isolating its components. It may come from root, leaves, fruit or other raw materials. Two extracts of the same plant do not have to have the same composition: the part of the plant, the solvent and the method of preparation are important. Therefore, the weight of the extract alone is not sufficient to compare the properties of two supplements.
Plant part used in an extract
Information identifying whether an extract was prepared from a root, leaf, fruit, seed or another plant part. Different parts of the same species can have different compositions. A plant name alone is therefore insufficient to establish equivalence between two extracts.
Polyphenols
A wide group of plant compounds including, among others, numerous flavonoids. Their profile depends on the plant, part of the raw material and preparation of the extract. A common name does not mean the same bioavailability or the same effect of all preparations.
Polysorbate
A member of the INCI name of a group of polysorbates, usually followed by a number, for example 20 or 80. They are used, among other things, to combine or disperse ingredients with different solubility. The number is part of the designation of the type of ingredient, not the percentage of its content in the cosmetic.
Extended description →Pomegranate
Fruit of the Punica imprezaum plant, used for food and as a source of plant raw materials. The juice, peel, seeds and extracts have different compositions. The name of the pomegranate on the label itself does not specify the content of polyphenols or the amount of a specific substance.
Postbiotic
A preparation of non-living microorganisms or their components that has been shown to benefit the host. It is not synonymous with a live probiotic or any bacterial metabolite. The identity of the preparation and the evidence regarding its use are important.
Potassium Sorbate
INCI name of potassium sorbate, found in cosmetics as a component of a preservative system. Its function in the recipe is to help protect the product against microbiological spoilage. The effectiveness of the entire system also depends on other ingredients and formulation conditions.
Powdery fragrance
Impression of softness and dryness reminiscent of cosmetic powder. It may result from the combination of iris, violet, musk and other materials. It does not mean that powder or powder has been added to the perfume.
Extended description →Prebiotics
Substrates used by host microorganisms in a manner that confers a health benefit. Examples discussed in nutrition include specific fiber fractions, but not all fiber is automatically a prebiotic. They are not live bacteria, so they must be distinguished from probiotics. Combining both categories in a product requires separate checking of the composition and intended use of the preparation.
Premature ejaculation
Difficulty ejaculating earlier than the person would like, with a limited sense of control and significant discomfort. Evaluation is not just about measuring minutes. The repetition of the problem, the circumstances and its impact on well-being are important. Products described as prolonging intercourse are not a substitute for determining the cause of persistent difficulties.
Premenstrual syndrome — PMS
A term for physical and emotional symptoms occurring before menstruation and generally easing after it begins. Their nature and severity vary. PMS does not identify one cause or establish that a particular supplement is a suitable solution for everyone.
Preservative
An ingredient that helps protect the cosmetic against undesirable growth of microorganisms during storage and use. It does not indicate the sterility of the product. The effectiveness of protection depends on the overall formulation, packaging and conditions of use.
Probiotic strain
A more precisely defined entity within a microbial species, usually identified by an additional code. The genus or species name itself does not indicate the strain. Conclusions about one tested strain should not automatically apply to all bacteria with a similar name.
Probiotics
Live microorganisms that, when administered in appropriate amounts, may provide specific health benefits. The effect depends on the specific strain, quantity and application, not just the total number of bacteria. Preparations with different strain names are not automatically interchangeable. It is worth checking the full markings, storage conditions and information on what point the CFU number applies to.
Extended description →Progesterone
A steroid hormone involved in the menstrual cycle and processes associated with pregnancy. It is not the same as a botanical extract advertised as supporting hormonal balance. Such wording on a supplement does not mean that it contains progesterone.
Propylene glycol
An ingredient known in INCI as Propylene Glycol, used, among others, as a solvent and humectant. It may help keep water in the formula. It is not the same as glycerin, and tolerance depends on the recipe used.
Extended description →Prostate
The prostate gland located below the urinary bladder in men, surrounding the initial part of the urethra. Produces some of the seminal fluid. Changes to the prostate can affect urination, but other causes also have similar symptoms. Slogans about supporting the prostate in supplement descriptions do not mean a diagnosis of the disease or confirmation that the product cures it.
Protein
A nutrient composed of chains of amino acids. It occurs in animal and plant foods and in various preparations. The amount of protein, its source and amino acid profile are separate pieces of information useful when comparing products.
Protein hydrolyzate
Protein broken down into smaller fragments, primarily peptides. This does not automatically mean that there are no sensitizing properties. The source of the protein, the extent of hydrolysis and the purpose of the specific formula are important.
Pulse points
A common name for areas where the pulse can be felt more readily, such as the wrists. Fragrance advice sometimes recommends them as application sites. This is a convention rather than a requirement; the product label determines its intended application.
Pump
A packaging element used to collect or dispense product when pressed. The serving size from one press depends on the design of the dispenser and the consistency of the contents. Do not assume a constant serving volume if the manufacturer has not provided this information.
Extended description →Pumpkin
The name of the plant from which, among other things, the pulp and seeds are used. Supplements may contain seeds, oil or extract, and each of these forms has a different description and method of declaring quantities. Information about one raw material should not be transferred to all pumpkin preparations.
Extended description →Purple coneflower
Echinacea purpurea is the botanical name of purple coneflower. Formulas may use different plant parts and extracts. The genus name Echinacea does not always identify the same species.
Extended description →Quercetin
A plant compound belonging to flavonoids, occurring naturally in various food products. It may be listed as a separate ingredient or part of the extract characteristics. The weight of the extract does not automatically mean the same amount of quercetin.
Recovery
A broad term for renewal and restoration of function after strain or damage. It refers to different processes in descriptions of sleep, exercise and cosmetics. Without specifying what recovers and how it was assessed, the word is not a precise promise of product performance.
Red clover
Trifolium pratense is the botanical name of red clover. Supplements may contain extracts, sometimes with a stated isoflavone content. Extract weight and isoflavone quantity are different measurements.
Extended description →Relaxation
A process or set of practices directed towards rest and a reduction in perceived tension. Forms vary between people and situations. Relaxation is not identical to sleep, and a product described as relaxing may not create the same experience for everyone.
Relaxation massage
Massage focused on rest and pleasant sensations associated with touch. It may use a suitable massage oil or another glide product. It is distinct from a medical or physiotherapy procedure, and the word relaxing does not specify a cosmetic's composition.
Rose
One of the names of floral notes used in perfume descriptions, ranging from fresh to fuller and sweeter. The name itself does not indicate the plant species or the method of obtaining the raw material. Rose fragrance accord and natural oil are not synonymous terms.
Extended description →Saffron
A plant named Crocus sativus. The spice, a powder and a botanical extract are different material forms. Supplement labels should specify the plant part and declared extract quantity.
Extended description →Sage
A plant named Salvia officinalis. Formulas may contain leaves, leaf extracts or other preparations. A leaf extract should not be treated as the same ingredient as an essential oil.
Extended description →Sandalwood
A woody note associated with a creamy, soft and warm scent. It appears in the descriptions of perfumes, oils and candles and can be obtained from natural raw materials or a carefully selected composition. It often builds a base and softens the perception of sharper accords. The declaration of a sandalwood note does not mean that the product contains a specific amount of natural sandalwood oil.
Extended description →Saponins
Compounds with a specific structure, some of which may form foam in water. They are found in various plant raw materials. The declared percentage of saponins is not a universal measure of effectiveness and does not replace indication of their type and amount of extract.
Extended description →Sarsaparilla
A name for botanical materials from the genus Smilax. Product formulas may specify Smilax officinalis root. Check the exact species and extract form in the individual product’s ingredient list.
Extended description →Saw palmetto
The name of the Serenoa repens plant, from whose fruit extracts are prepared, among others. Individual preparations may differ significantly in their ingredient profiles. The uses described for a specific extract do not automatically apply to every product bearing that plant's name.
Extended description →Scent pyramid
A way of presenting a composition as top, heart and base notes. It makes it easier to describe its development, but it is a simplification because impressions can overlap. It does not constitute a complete list of ingredients or an analysis of their concentrations.
Schisandra
The name of a plant usually found in descriptions of Schisandra fruit or extracts. It is not another name for lemon or vitamin C. When comparing preparations, it is worth checking the botanical name, the form of the raw material and any declaration of standardization.
Extended description →Scientific evidence
Findings from observations and research assessed in light of their quality, limitations and consistency with other results. A user's opinion, traditional use and a laboratory experiment do not provide the same kind of information as well-designed research involving people.
Screen breaks
Brief periods of directing attention away from a phone, computer or other display. They can form part of planning work and rest. Switching from a computer to a phone is not a screen break; the term concerns changing activity rather than device names.
Sedentary lifestyle
A pattern of daily life involving substantial time sitting or doing other low-energy activities. It is not identical to having no planned exercise: a person can exercise yet spend most of the rest of the day seated.
Selenium
A trace element that is a component of certain body proteins. Its quantity is most often given on labels in micrograms, so this unit must be distinguished from milligrams. Various forms of selenium may be present in multi-component preparations. The amount needed is small, and higher content does not automatically mean greater benefit or better quality of the supplement.
Extended description →Sense of smell
The sense used to detect and distinguish odorous substances. Smell perception involves receptors and the nervous system, while memory and context also influence interpretation. The same fragrance can be experienced differently by different people.
Sensitive skin
A term for skin that easily reacts with discomfort, such as burning or stinging after contact with certain agents. It is not synonymous with allergies. The choice of cosmetic depends on individual tolerance, and persistent symptoms require determining the cause.
Extended description →Sensuality
The experience of sensory stimuli such as touch, smell, sound and taste, often discussed in the context of closeness. It is subjective and depends on the person and situation. Sensual in a product description conveys character and associations rather than a measured physiological effect.
Serotonin
A signalling compound that acts as a neurotransmitter and participates in many bodily processes. Calling it the happiness hormone is an oversimplification. Mentioning serotonin in a plant, fragrance or supplement description does not establish that the product predictably changes its levels.
Serum
The name of a cosmetic form, usually associated with a light or concentrated formula for a specific stage of care. There is no single composition common to all products called serum. It may be an aqueous, oily or emulsion preparation. The name itself does not guarantee greater effectiveness than the cream; what matters are the ingredients, the area of application and the way of combining it with other care.
Extended description →Sexual arousal
A set of mental and physical reactions occurring in a sexual context. It may include a change in attention, an increase in heart rate, blood flow to the genitals, and feelings of pleasure. The body's reaction does not always correspond to the conscious desire for contact. Arousal, desire, and consent are separate concepts, so you should not draw conclusions about intentions solely from physical responses.
Extended description →Sexual desire
Subjective feeling of interest in sexual intimacy or activity. It may arise spontaneously or develop in response to safe, pleasant contact and appropriate context. It varies from person to person and changes over time. Desire itself is not consent to a certain behavior; boundaries and willingness to participate in contact require a separate, mutual agreement.
Extended description →Sexual performance
A colloquial term for sexual performance, most often used to refer to the ability to obtain an erection and have satisfactory intercourse. It is not one, strictly measurable feature of the organism. In sales descriptions it may include libido, stamina or vitality, although these are different topics. It is worth checking what exactly this word means in the context of a given product.
Extended description →Sexual satisfaction
A subjective appraisal of intimate experiences, including comfort, communication and whether needs are met. It is not determined solely by intercourse duration, orgasm or one physical response. A product cannot guarantee the same satisfaction for different people.
Shea butter
A plant-derived fat used in cosmetics, listed as Butyrospermum Parkii Butter in INCI. It belongs to the formula’s fatty phase and is not a fragrance composition.
Extended description →Shelf life
Information specifying how long the product retains the declared properties or can be used under the indicated storage conditions. The labeling method depends on the product category. Restrictions after opening, such as the number of months of use, may also be important. The term should not be transferred between variants or assumed based on a photo of the packaging in the store.
Extended description →Siberian ginseng
The commercial name for Eleutherococcus senticosus. This is a different plant from Panax ginseng. Eleuthero extracts may declare eleutheroside content, which should not be confused with ginsenoside content.
Extended description →Silicone-based lubricant
A lubricant based on appropriate silicones, often remaining slippery longer than a water-based product. It does not dissolve in water like a typical water-based gel. When used with silicone accessories, you must verify the compatibility of the materials in the instructions. The designation of the base does not determine internal use or compatibility with any type of condom.
Extended description →Sillage — scent trail
A trace of odor remaining in the air after a person moves. In perfume descriptions it is sometimes called the scent tail. It should be distinguished from the projection at a given moment and the duration of the fragrance on the skin.
Single serving
Amount of product taken at one time according to the method of use. It does not always correspond to the entire recommended daily amount. The table of ingredients should be read taking into account what portion it describes.
Extended description →Skin elasticity
A mechanical property of skin describing its response to stretching and return to its previous shape. It depends on tissue structure, age and other factors. A cosmetic claim must be assessed for the specific finished product.
Extended description →Skin firming
Determining the care goal related to the appearance, elasticity and perceived smoothness of the skin. Descriptions of creams and serums may include a moisturizing effect or improving the appearance of its surface. It does not mean a permanent increase in breast volume or a change in body structure. When assessing declarations, it is worth distinguishing between a temporary impression of tension and the results confirmed for a specific cosmetic.
Extended description →Skin moisturization
Care that helps keep water in the epidermis and reduce its loss. It can combine the action of humectants, emollients and ingredients that create a layer on the skin surface. The feeling of moisturization depends on the entire formulation and regularity of use.
Extended description →Skin smoothing
A caring effect that reduces the perceived roughness and unevenness of the skin surface. It does not automatically mean removal of scars, stretch marks or permanent reconstruction of deeper tissues.
Extended description →SKU - stock code
An internal code used by the seller or manufacturer to identify a product or variant. It may contain letters, numbers and notes about the set. It is not universal: the same product may have different SKUs in different systems.
Extended description →Sleep hygiene
Habits and environmental conditions that support regular, adequate sleep. They include daily routines and the bedroom environment. Sleep hygiene is not the name of a preparation or a stand-alone method for diagnosing and treating sleep disorders.
Sleep quality
A term concerning the course of sleep and how restorative it feels, rather than only time spent in bed. It may involve ease of falling asleep, awakenings and how a person feels afterwards. It differs from sleep hygiene, which describes supportive habits and conditions.
Sodium Benzoate
INCI name of sodium benzoate, used, among others, in cosmetic preservative systems. It concerns the protection of the product itself, not the declaration of a healing effect on the skin. The name on the INCI list does not provide the exact concentration of the ingredient.
Extended description →Solubilizer
An ingredient that helps introduce a small amount of a slowly soluble substance, such as a fragrance, into a water-based formula. Its role is different from that of a preservative. May affect product clarity and stability.
Extended description →Sorbitol
The name of an ingredient belonging to polyols, also found in INCI lists. In cosmetics, it can help retain moisture and influence texture sensations. The function should be read in the context of the entire recipe, not just the use of sorbitol in other types of products.
Sperm cell
A male reproductive cell, which is one of the elements of semen. Sperm number, motility and structure are various parameters assessed in the study. Their value cannot be inferred from the amount of ejaculate alone or from the promises on the product packaging.
Extended description →Spermatogenesis
The process of sperm formation and maturation taking place in the testicles. It is not the same as semen volume or ejaculatory intensity. Fertility assessment requires appropriate data and cannot be based solely on the appearance of the ejaculate or the description of the supplement.
SPF
A sun protection factor primarily relating to protection against UVB-induced sunburn under test conditions. It does not describe all UVA protection or specify a safe number of hours in the sun. The amount applied and instructions for reapplication also matter.
Spicy fragrance
A direction evoking spices such as pepper, cardamom, cinnamon or cloves. It can be warm or fresh and dry. The spice note describes the smell, not the spiciness of the product or its food purpose.
Extended description →Squalane
Lipid ingredient used as an emollient, written as Squalane in INCI. Helps achieve a smooth, soft skin feel. It is a separate substance from squalene, and its source requires information from the manufacturer.
Extended description →St John’s wort
A plant named Hypericum perforatum. Labels should specify the plant part and material form, such as an extract. Its presence in a cosmetic does not imply the same use as in an oral preparation.
Standardization
Determination of the content of a selected ingredient or group of compounds in the raw material, often given as a percentage. It facilitates the comparison of extracts if they concern the same substance and the same determination method. An example is the information about the share of withanolides in ashwagandha extract. Standardization does not mean complete identity of recipes or an automatic guarantee of product effectiveness.
Steam distillation
Method of separating volatile components of the raw material using steam and subsequent condensation. It is used, among others, in obtaining essential oils. The name of the method does not yet indicate the quality or full composition of the material obtained.
Extended description →Stinging nettle
Urtica dioica plant, whose leaves and root are separate raw materials. When describing preparations, pay attention to the part of the plant used. The equivalence of root extract, leaf infusion and other forms cannot be assumed.
Extended description →Storing supplements
Compliance with label conditions, including temperature and protection from moisture or light. The refrigerator is not a universal place for all preparations. Additional rules may apply once opened.
Extended description →Stratum corneum
The outermost part of the epidermis, composed of cells surrounded by a lipid system. It creates a barrier that limits water loss. Its condition affects the smoothness and comfort of the skin, but it is not the only factor responsible for its appearance.
Extended description →Sun protection
Measures that limit the skin's exposure to solar radiation, including shade, clothing and suitable sunscreen products. SPF provides only part of the protection information. Supplements and products advertised for tanning do not replace these measures.
Supplement dosage form
The form in which a supplement is supplied, such as capsules, tablets, drops or powder. It determines how servings are taken and measured, but does not by itself establish effectiveness, absorption or product status.
Extended description →Supplement drops
Liquid supplement taken in the number of drops indicated on the label. Requires the correct dispenser and recommended method. There is no universal conversion of drops into milliliters for each formulation and each package.
Extended description →Surface active substance
A compound that changes surface tension and facilitates, among other things, washing, wetting or combining ingredients. It is sometimes called a surfactant. Different substances of this group have different properties, so the name of the category itself does not determine the gentleness of the product.
Extended description →Synbiotic
A preparation combining live microorganisms with an appropriate substrate used by the host microorganisms, designed for health benefits. Not every random mixture of bacteria and fiber fulfills this meaning. The assessment requires data on a specific combination.
Synthetic fragrance ingredient
A substance obtained by synthesis and used to create a fragrance. It can recreate a compound present in nature or bring a new impression. Synthetic origin alone does not determine safety; properties, quantity and use are important.
Extended description →Taking a product with food
An instruction relating the use of a particular preparation to eating. It may reflect product properties and intended use. It is not a universal rule for every supplement, and the directions for one formulation should not be transferred to other preparations.
Taking supplements with water
Take the capsule or tablet with water as directed on the label. Liquid quantity and conditions apply to the specific product. Do not arbitrarily substitute alcohol, energy drinks, or any other form of intake for water.
Extended description →Taurine
A sulfur-containing compound found in the body and in some foods. It is not a typical amino acid incorporated into proteins. The name known from energy drinks does not mean that the substance is an equivalent of caffeine.
Testosterone
Androgen hormone present in people of different sexes, participating in many physiological processes. Its level is not the only determinant of libido, sexual performance or well-being. The name in the product description does not mean that the preparation contains a hormone.
Extended description →TEWL — transepidermal water loss
Determination of water loss through the epidermis to the environment, used in skin barrier research. This is a parameter other than the feeling of dryness itself. The measurement result also depends on the test conditions and is not an independent diagnosis of the disease.
Extended description →The person responsible for the cosmetic
The entity responsible for the cosmetic's compliance with appropriate obligations on the EU market. Its details are included in the labeling. This may be the manufacturer, importer or other designated entity; does not have to be the same entity as the store selling the product.
Extended description →Time-blocked work
An approach to organising tasks by allocating a defined period to one activity or group of activities. It can include planned breaks. It is a work-organisation tool, not one mandatory method or a guarantee of sustained concentration.
Tonka
The name of the fragrance note associated with sweetness, warmth and vanilla-almond associations. In perfume descriptions it is also known as "tonka bean". This is a description of the character of the fragrance, which does not constitute an independent confirmation of the type or quantity of the natural raw material.
Extended description →Top notes
The first olfactory impression appearing immediately after applying perfume. They are usually composed of ingredients that evaporate quickly, often associated with citrus, freshness or light fruit. After some time, they give way to subsequent layers of the composition. When assessing perfumes, it is worth waiting for the scent to develop, rather than basing the choice solely on the first impression.
Extended description →Topical application
Applying the preparation directly to a specific area of the body according to its intended purpose. Application to the skin does not automatically allow contact with mucous membranes, eyes or damaged surfaces.
Extended description →Tribulus terrestris
A plant with the botanical name Tribulus terrestris, found in supplements related to vitality and sexual performance. Different parts of the plant and extracts with different characteristics are used. The presence of mace is not in itself evidence of increasing testosterone or treating erection problems. The exact specification of the raw material and the entire product is important.
Extended description →Tuberose
The name of the flower and floral note appearing in perfume descriptions. It can help describe the fuller, expressive character of a fragrance bouquet. Its presence on the list of notes does not automatically confirm the content of natural extract; the composition of the cosmetic is specified in the INCI list.
Extended description →TUDCA
The abbreviation of tauroursodeoxycholic acid, a compound belonging to the group of bile acids. It appears in descriptions of supplements and articles about the liver and fat metabolism. The name of the ingredient does not mean that the preparation is a medicine or that it is suitable for self-treatment of liver diseases. Information about a substance must be distinguished from the confirmed properties of a specific product.
Turmeric
A plant known as Curcuma longa, whose rhizome is used as a spice and raw material for extracts. It contains a group of compounds called curcuminoids, which include curcumin. Rhizome powder, extract and isolated curcumin have different characteristics. When comparing supplements, you need to check which form the given weight applies to and whether the manufacturer specifies standardization.
Extended description →Ultraviolet radiation
Invisible electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than visible light. UVA and UVB are commonly discussed in skin protection. A food supplement or a change in skin colour does not replace sun protection; cosmetic markings should be read alongside the directions for use.
Unisex
Description of perfume proposed to people regardless of gender. It describes how a composition is positioned, not a separate class of ingredients or a guarantee of a specific reception. When choosing, the preferred nature of the scent is more important than the marketing category.
Extended description →Unscented product
Designation of a product whose odor is imperceptible or barely noticeable under the declared conditions. It does not necessarily mean the complete absence of fragrances or odorous ingredients. It is worth checking the full composition and exact content of the declaration.
Extended description →Urea
A substance found in INCI as Urea, used in care, among other things, because it binds water. The properties of the preparation depend on the concentration and the entire recipe. Every urea formula should not be equated with an exfoliating product.
Vanilla
A popular fragrance note reminiscent of sweetness, warmth and dessert accords. It can be found in both light compositions and heavier evening fragrances. In perfumery, its character is obtained from various raw materials, including vanillin. The description of the vanilla scent does not determine the composition of the cosmetic or whether it contains natural vanilla bean extract.
Extended description →Vanillyl Butyl Ether
An INCI ingredient name used in cosmetics, including formulas intended to create a warming sensation. This does not mean the product has been heated or establish a particular effect of the whole formula. Follow the finished product’s intended use.
Vegan capsule
Capsule with a shell made without raw materials of animal origin, for example from a suitable derived cellulose material. The term may refer to the casing itself, so it does not automatically determine the entire preparation. When assessing the compatibility of a product with a vegan diet, you also need to check the other ingredients and the manufacturer's declaration. Vegan does not mean the absence of allergens.
Extended description →Vegan product
A term referring to the absence of specific ingredients of animal origin in accordance with the declaration or rules of a given label. It requires taking into account the entire recipe, including the capsule shell. It is not a synonym for an ecological product or a guarantee of the absence of allergens.
Extended description →Vetiver
A plant whose roots are the source of an oil valued in perfumery. The vetiver note is sometimes described as woody, earthy, dry or slightly smoky. Its presence in the pyramid does not reveal the exact recipe of the finished fragrance.
Vitamin A
Name covering compounds with vitamin A activity; the body can also use some carotenoids as its precursors. Retinol and beta-carotene are not the same ingredient. The way the content is expressed depends on the form and adopted units.
Vitamin B1 - thiamine
A water-soluble vitamin belonging to the B vitamin group. Thiamine is the name of the ingredient, and the term B-complex usually means a mixture of various vitamins. The quantity in a product should be checked for the recommended serving, not just for the entire package.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin associated with, among others, the formation of blood cells and the functioning of the nervous system. In supplements, it occurs in several chemical forms, the names of which can be found in the composition. The mere presence of B12 does not make the product suitable for every person or guarantee the removal of fatigue. When assessing the preparation, the quantity, purpose, entire diet and possible diagnosis of deficiency are important.
Vitamin B2 - riboflavin
B vitamin also known as riboflavin. It is separate from niacin, thiamine and vitamin B6. The yellow color of some preparations may be related to riboflavin, but the color is not used to judge its quantity or product quality.
Vitamin B5 - pantothenic acid
A B vitamin whose name appears in the tables of supplement ingredients. It is not the same as panthenol, often used in cosmetics. When assessing the quantity, the mass of the vitamin source should be distinguished from the declared content of the vitamin itself.
Vitamin B6
B vitamin participating in numerous transformations, including protein metabolism and the functioning of the nervous system. It can be an ingredient of mineral and multivitamin preparations, so it is easy to duplicate it unconsciously. Its presence in vitality supplements does not mean that it has a stimulating effect in every person. The content must be assessed for a full daily dose.
Extended description →Vitamin C
A water-soluble vitamin also known as ascorbic acid. It participates, among other things, in the formation of collagen and the processes of protecting cells against oxidative stress. It may appear in products in various forms and recipes. The description of its physiological role does not imply the treatment of infection. It is worth comparing the amount in a portion and checking whether subsequent preparations used do not duplicate this ingredient.
Extended description →Vitamin D3
One of the forms of vitamin D, called cholecalciferol. It is involved, among other things, in calcium and phosphate metabolism. The quantity on the packaging may be expressed in micrograms or international units, which requires correct reading of the markings. The concentration itself does not determine the appropriate portion for a specific person; recommendations, diet and individual conditions are important.
Vitamin E
A group of compounds that includes, among others, tocopherols. In cosmetics, INCI names such as Tocopherol or Tocopheryl Acetate are common. The ingredient may be part of a care formula and a system that protects the formula against oxidation. A cosmetic with vitamin E is not the same as a supplement for consumption; The product's intended use and route of use are always specified on its label.
Extended description →Vitamin K2
A term for a group of menaquinones that are forms of vitamin K, for example MK-7. It does not mean one single substance with a common molecular weight. People taking medications that affect coagulation should discuss vitamin K supplementation with their treating physician.
Walnut
The name of a tree and its fruit, also found in descriptions of plant raw materials. Edible seed, leaf and other parts of the plant are not interchangeable names for the ingredient. What matters is the exact wording on the label; if you have a nut allergy, you should also check allergen labels.
Warming gel
A product containing ingredients that cause a feeling of warmth on the skin. The intensity of the effect depends on the recipe, quantity and individual sensitivity. The feeling of warming is not evidence of an increase in organ size or therapeutic effectiveness. You should check the areas approved for application and do not confuse a body massage gel with a preparation intended for contact with mucous membranes.
Extended description →Water-based lubricant
A lubricant in which water is an important part of the recipe. It usually washes off easily and may require reapplication during use. Not all aquatic products have the same composition, pH or purpose. Compatibility with condoms and accessories must be confirmed on the label; information about the water base alone does not describe all the properties of the finished formula.
Extended description →Water-soluble vitamins
A group including vitamin C and the B vitamins, classified by their chemical properties. Water solubility does not mean that any amount is harmless. Substance form, content and recommended serving remain separate pieces of label information.
White mulberry
A plant named Morus alba. Supplement descriptions may refer to leaf materials and extracts. Leaves, fruits and extracts are not interchangeable ingredient names.
Withanolides
A group of compounds found, among others, in ashwagandha. Their content is sometimes used to standardize extracts and given as a percentage or quantity in a portion. Such information helps describe the raw material, but does not present its entire characteristics. When comparing preparations, the part of the plant and the method of extraction must also be taken into account, instead of basing the assessment on a single number.
Woody fragrance
A composition or accord that evokes the scent of wood, such as cedar, sandalwood, or dry wood. It can be warm, creamy, dry or smoky. The woody impression does not reveal whether natural oil or materials reproducing its character were used.
Extended description →Yarrow
A plant named Achillea millefolium. Distinguish the herb, flowers and extracts obtained from a specified plant part. Different material forms are not automatically equivalent.
Extended description →Ylang
A shortened form of the term ylang-ylang found in descriptions of perfumes and fragrance raw materials. It is associated with a full floral note, often described as exotic. Mentioning this note is not the same as declaring the presence of a specific oil in the INCI list.
Zinc
A trace element needed for the proper functioning of many enzymes and body processes. Its source is food, and in supplements it occurs in various chemical compounds. In the table of values, the amount of zinc should be distinguished from the mass of the entire compound that supplies it. When combining several preparations, it is worth taking into account the sum of the contents, because excess is not indifferent to health.
Extended description →Zinc bisglycinate
A zinc compound with glycine, also called zinc bisglycinate. The weight of the whole compound differs from the amount of zinc it supplies; compare the elemental zinc quantity.
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